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05 - While and until cycles in the bash

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The while..do..done construct executes a group of operations while a condition is valid. The syntax is:

while [condition];
do
  code1
done

Two numbers can be compared with the following tests. The variables must be written in the form:

"$variable_name"

The numerical tests are:

ControlMeaning
x -eq y true if x is equal to y
x -ne y true if x is not equal to y
x -gt y true if x is bigger than y
x -lt y true if x is smaller than y
x -ge y true if x is bigger than or equal to y
x -le y true if x is smaller than or equal to y

Two strings can be compared with the following tests:

ControlMeaning
x = y true if x is equal to y
x != y true if x is equal to y
-n x true if x is not NULL or void
-z x true if x is NULL or void


Here is an example script:

#!/bin/bash
# The following script increments a variable
# up to 10, printing each time the result
x=0
while [ "$x" -le 10 ]; do
  echo "Valore corrente di x: $x";
  x=$(( $x + 1 ))
done
 

A construct similar to while is until, that tests the condition on the opposite way: executes some code while a condition is false (that is, until a condition becomes true). Here is an example:

#!/bin/bash
# The followinf example intrements a variable up
# to 10, printing each time the result

x=0
until [ "$x" -ge 10 ]; do
  echo "Current x value: $x";
  x=$(( $x + 1 ))
done
 


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